Despite the huge volume of water in the world, about 97% of the water is in the oceans, seas and lakes.
The percentage of fresh water is a small number that includes most current and underground water and rainfall.
So now the world's total freshwater is estimated to be about 3%. The limitation of available global freshwater resources on the one hand, and increasing population and the need for food on the other, necessitates the optimal use of available water resources.
In recent decades, a large amount of agricultural land has been cultivated for water and, on the other hand, it has been used in various ways and quickly and in greatly used water, so that part of the freshwater waters in its cycle Consumption or low quality has continued, and on the other hand the need for drinking water and industry has also increased day by day.
The set of these factors, as well as the future, in which human needs will continue to grow, has raised concerns about water scarcity, known as the water crisis in the world, more intense in relation to our country. Because of its location in the dry and semi-arid region of the Earth, Iran has limited water resources and the importance of water and irrigation in the production of agricultural products is of particular sensitivity.
About 90% of the country's water is consumed in agricultural sector, with irrigation efficiency in the traditional (surface) method of about 30%; in other words, 70% of the total water consumption in the agricultural sector is wasted.
The development of the country's arable lands is not possible due to the lack of available water resources, except by saving existing water. Water control, saving and increasing irrigation efficiency in existing traditional methods require a lot of time and money.
In this situation, the best option is to increase the irrigation efficiency through the conversion of surface irrigation to irrigation under pressure.
Pressure irrigation is a method of irrigation, which uses a pipe to transfer water from the supply source to the place of consumption with the required pressure.
The most important advantage of irrigation under pressure is saving water. Today, the total irrigation efficiency in the country, in different areas and conditions is between 25% and 40%, which is mainly due to transfer losses in anchors, distribution losses in farms and losses related to irrigation mismanagement, and a large percentage of the three problems mentioned above Pressure irrigation schemes are eliminated so that the surface irrigation efficiency can be increased by about 70% by rain irrigation method or up to 90% by drip irrigation.
Pressure irrigation methods have two large subsets:
A. Local irrigation method (drip)
Local irrigation is mainly used for irrigation of trees in gardens. The water is transferred to the plant by various droppings.
The irrigation efficiency in this method can reach about 90%.
B. The method of sprinkler irrigation
In sprinkler irrigation, water with a pressure of more than one atmosphere flows into a plumbed network and then exits outlets that are called on the network and are called water sprayers.
The building of the sprinklers is such that when it is released with its pressure, it becomes droplet and coarse and similar to the rain poured over the surface of the farm.
For this reason, the irrigation system is called rain-fed.
Although the rainy method was originally invented for irrigation of farms and gardens, this method is also used for other purposes, the most important of which are:
Saving water and increasing efficiency by up to 75%; distributing liquid fertilizers at the farm level; reducing the need for manpower; for planting water to protect them from frost and cold; to delay the formation of buds and flowers; to moisturize; The soil surface and the prevention of wind erosion, irrigation with low water resources can not be used to help germinate seeds, to control the environment and to cool the soil and surrounding air.
Sprinkler irrigation has various methods and devices that are designed and implemented in accordance with the economic situation, postage and height of the earth, the existence or absence of necessary manpower and the amount of water needed for a variety of sprinkler irrigation systems. This method has a classical and mechanized subset.
Classic (non-mechanized):
This method can be used for irrigation of various crops in steep, smooth, rough terrain and sandy soils. In this method, rain irrigation is not used by any machine, and only the pump is used to provide the necessary pressure. Fixed, animated, and semi-movable classics are different types of these methods, which are based on the same principle.
In this method, the water is pumped from the source (reservoir, pool, well and river) into the main pipes and then the wings and through
The sprayers are sprayed in a very tiny drop on the field.
mechanized:
In this method, rain irrigation of the machine is used for moving and moving the sprayer on the product. Mechanized sprinkler irrigation systems include:
Spinning Gun
Wheel Move
Rotary drill (center pivot)
Linear line
Local irrigation methods (drip)
Topical methods commonly used for gardens, row beds, and greenhouses are topical irrigation, which is the slow-release of low-pressure water in the pipe network on the surface or under the soil of the farm and is called droplets by droplets. , Or by small sprayers such as Sprayer, Microjet, Babler, etc. at the plant's bottom.
In cases where the conservation of water is necessary and the existing water resources do not cover the land under cultivation, local irrigation methods will ensure increased irrigation efficiency.
Local irrigation has several methods and concepts such as drip irrigation, underwater irrigation, fountain irrigation and spray irrigation.
In the city of Dehloran, in recent years, various types of irrigation methods such as drip irrigation, classical, rotary smoke (centrifuge), linear debris (liner) have been implemented in this province. And given the shortage of water in the future, the promotion and development of these methods should be considered more than before.